The educational system in Bangladesh is three-tiered and highly subsidised. The government of Bangladesh operates many schools in the primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels. It also subsidises parts of the funding for many private schools. In the tertiary education sector, the government also funds more than 15 state universities through the University Grants Commission.
Bangladesh conforms fully to the UN's Education For All (EFA) objectives[2] and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG)[3] as well as other education-related international declarations. Article 17 of the Bangladesh Constitution provides that all children receive free and compulsory education.[4]-
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Education system[edit]
The three main educational systems in Bangladesh, ordered by decreasing student attendance numbers, are:
- General Education System
- Madrasah Education System
- Technical – Vocational Education System
Other systems include a Professional Education System.
Each of these three main systems is divided into three levels:
Tertiary education in Bangladesh takes place at 37 government, 80 private and 3 international universities. Students can choose to further their studies in Chartered Accountancy, engineering, technology, agriculture and medicine at a variety of universities and colleges.
At all levels of schooling, students can choose to receive their education in English or Bangla. Private schools tend to make use of English-based study media while government-sponsored schools use Bangla.
Cadet Colleges are important in the education system of Bangladesh. A cadet college is a room and board collegiate administered by the Bangladesh. Military discipline is compulsory at all cadet colleges. Faujdarhat Cadet College is the first cadet college in Bangladesh, established in 1958 over an area of 185 acres (0.75 km2) at Faujdarhat in the district of Chittagong. At present there are 12 cadet colleges in Bangladesh, including 3 cadet colleges for girls.
The Madrasah Education System focuses on religious education, teaching all the basics of education in a religious environment. Religious studies are taught in Arabic and the students in some areas also serve the local area masjids. Students also have to complete all the courses from the General Education System. Many privately licensed Madrasas take in homeless children and provide them with food, shelter and education, e.g. Jamia Tawakkulia Renga Madrasah in Sylhet.
The Technical and Vocational Education System provides courses related to various applied and practical areas of science, technology and engineering, or focuses on a specific specialised area. Course duration ranges from one month to four years.
Tertiary education in Madrasah Education System[edit]
In the Madrasah Education System there are two systems. One, called the "Quomi" Madrasah system is privately owned and funded[7] and is run according to the Deobandi system of Islamic education, which rejects the rational sciences.[8] The other, called the "Alia" madrasah system, is privately owned but subsidised by the government (the government spends 11.5% of its education budget on alia madrasahs, paying 80% of teacher and administrator salaries).[7] Quomi madrasahs account for 1.9% of total primary enrolment and 2.2% of secondary enrolment; aliyah madrasahs account for 8.4% of primary and 19% of secondary enrolment.[9]
The alia system is like the general education system, except that Arabic is taught in addition to general education. After passing "Alim", a student can enroll for 3 additional years to obtain a "Fazil" level. Students can go for further general education and earn a university degree. After passing successfully, they can further enroll for another 2 years to obtain a "Kamil" level degree.[citation needed]
The following table provides a statistical comparison of the "Quomi" and "Alia" madrasah systems.[10]
| Profile of madrassa education in Bangladesh | |
|---|---|
| Number of private (Quomi) madrassas | 13,902 |
| Number of government-funded (Alia) madrassa | 6,906 |
| Number of teachers in Quomi madrassas | 130,000 |
| Number of teachers in Alia madrassas | 100,732 |
| Number of students in Quomi madrassas | 1,462,500 |
| Number of students in Alia madrassas | 1,878,300 |
| Total number of madrassas (Quomi + Alia) | 13,406 |
| Total number of teachers (Quomi + Alia) | 230,732 |
| Total number of students (Quomi + Alia) | 3,340,800 |
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